HMS Rodney (29)
 Rodney in May 1942 |
|
| Career (UK) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | HMS Rodney |
| Namesake: | Admiral Lord Rodney |
| Ordered: | 1922 |
| Builder: | Cammell Laird, Birkenhead |
| Cost: | £7,617,799 |
| Laid down: | 28 December 1922 |
| Launched: | 17 December 1925 |
| Sponsored by: | Princess Mary |
| Completed: | August 1927 |
| Commissioned: | 10 November 1927 |
| Decommissioned: | 1946 |
| Struck: | 1947 |
| Identification: | Pennant number: 29 |
| Motto: | Non Generant Aquilae Columbas (Latin) "Eagles do not breed doves" |
| Nickname: | Rodnol |
| Fate: | Sold for scrap, 26 March 1948 |
| General characteristics (as completed) | |
| Class & type: | Nelson-class battleship |
| Displacement: | 33,730 long tons (34,270 t) standard 37,430 long tons (38,030 t) standard (full load) |
| Length: | 710 ft 2 in (216.5 m) overall |
| Beam: | 106 ft (32.3 m) |
| Draught: | 31 ft (9.44880000 m) |
| Installed power: | 45,000 shp (34,000 kW) 8 Admiralty 3-drum oil-fired boilers |
| Propulsion: | 2 shafts 2 Brown-Curtis geared turbine sets |
| Speed: | 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) |
| Range: | 14,500 nmi (26,900 km; 16,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement: | 1,314 (1,361 as flagship) |
| Armament: | 3 × 3 - 16-inch Mk I guns 6 × 2 - 6-inch Mk XXII guns 6 × 1 - QF 4.7-inch Mk VIII anti-aircraft guns 8 × 1 - 2-pounder anti-aircraft guns 2 × 1 - 24.5-inch (620 mm) torpedo tubes |
| Armour: | Belt: 13–14 in (330–356 mm) Deck: 4.375–6.375 in (111–162 mm) Barbettes: 12–15 in (305–381 mm) Gun turrets: 9–16 in (229–406 mm) Conning tower: 10–14 in (254–356 mm) Bulkheads: 4–12 in (102–305 mm) |
She played a major role in the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck in May 1941. During and after the Torch and the Normandy landings, Rodney participated in several coastal bombardments. In poor condition from heavy use and lack of refits, she was scrapped in 1948.
Contents
- 1 Design
- 2 Construction and commissioning
- 3 Service
- 3.1 The Bismarck
- 3.2 Force H
- 4 Notes
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Design
Known as 'Queen Anne's Mansions' on account of the bridge structure bearing some resemblance to the well-known London block of flats, or 'Cherry Tree Class' because they were designed as larger ships but 'cut down' by the Washington Treaty of 1922, the design was limited to 35,000 tons and showed certain compromises. To accommodate 16-inch main guns in three turrets, all of the turrets were placed forward and the vessel's speed was reduced and maximum armour was limited to vital areas. Even with the design limitations forced on the designers by the treaty, the Rodney and Nelson were regarded as the most powerful battleships afloat until the new generation of all big gun ships was launched in 1936.Construction and commissioning
Rodney was laid down on 28 December 1922, the same date as her sister ship Nelson. She was built at Birkenhead by Cammell-Laird shipyard. Launched in December 1925, she was commissioned in November 1927, three months behind her sister. Her construction cost £7,617,000. Her captain in 1929 was Lieutenant Commander (later Admiral) George Campell Ross, son of Sir Archibald Ross, a marine engineer and pioneer of shipbuilding.[citation needed]Service
From commissioning until World War II broke out in September 1939, Rodney spent her entire time with the British Atlantic Fleet or Home Fleet. In 1931, her crew joined the crews of other ships in taking part in the Invergordon Mutiny. In late December 1939, she was under refit and repair because she was having steering gear problems.She was damaged by German aircraft at Karmøy, near Stavanger on 9 April 1940 when hit by a 500 kg (1,103 lb) bomb that pierced the armoured deck, but did not explode.[1] On 13 September 1940, she was transferred from Scapa Flow to Rosyth with orders to operate in the English Channel when the German invasion of Britain was expected. In November and December, she did convoy escort duties between Britain and Halifax, Nova Scotia. In January 1941, she participated in the hunt for the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, with no success. On 16 March, however, while escorting a convoy in the North Atlantic, she made contact with the German battleships, but no battle followed, as the German ships turned away when they realized that they were facing superior firepower.
The Bismarck
Main article: Last battle of the battleship Bismarck
In May 1941, while commanded by (then) Commodore Frederick Dalrymple-Hamilton, Rodney and four destroyers were escorting the troop ship RMS Britannic to Canada; the Britannic
was taking civilians over to Canada, and would be bringing Canadian
troops back to Britain. It was during this run on 24 May that she was
called by the Admiralty to join in the pursuit of the German battleship Bismarck leaving the destroyer HMS Eskimo to escort the Britannic and taking HMS Somali, HMS Mashona, HMS Tartar (F43) with her in the search. Despite Admiral Sir John Tovey in King George V
heading northwest due to a misinterpreted signal from the Admiralty,
Dalrymple-Hamilton and his own 'Operations Committee' consisting of Captain
Coppinger, his Navigator Lt.Cmdr. Galfrey George Gatacre RAN, USN Naval
Attache' Lt.Cmdr. Gus Wellings and Executive Officer, Cmdr. John
Grindle, decided it was most likely that Bismarck was headed to Brest and so set course to the East to head Bismarck off, 'at some stages exceeding her designed speed by two knots' despite her engines being in need of an overhaul.[2] On 26 May, she joined up with King George V,
as Admiral John Tovey had realised the mistake and doubled back. Tovey
then sent the 3 remaining destroyers home because they were low on fuel,
and had Rodney fall in behind King George V for the battle against the Bismarck the next day. On the early morning of 27 May 1941, along with the battleship King George V and the cruisers Norfolk, and Dorsetshire, she engaged the Bismarck, which had had its rudder machinery damaged by a torpedo launched by Ark Royal's Swordfish bombers the day before. Unable to manoeuver and listing to port, Bismarck scored no hits before her forward guns were knocked out, after which Rodney closed with Bismarck
until she was firing essentially a flat trajectory, and spotters could
actually follow the shells to the target. One 16 in (406.4mm) shell was
tracked from the gun to where it hit the face of Bismarck's #2 turret Bruno and exploded, blowing out the back of the turret with the splinters killing most of the crew on the bridge. Rodney
fired 340 16" shells, some in 9-gun broadsides and 716 6" shells during
the battle, scoring many hits from a range of under 3000 yards,
inflicting most of the damage suffered by Bismarck whose stern was blown off. During the battle Rodney also fired twelve 24.5" torpedoes at her whilst zig-zagging across Bismarck's bows, mostly with no hits but later, one hit Bismarck amidships on the starboard side, thus being the only battleship in history to have successfully torpedoed another battleship.[3] Rodney and King George V finally broke off the action and then Dorsetshire was ordered to finish Bismarck off with torpedoes. Rodney and King George V were ordered home short of fuel and were unsuccessfully attacked by Luftwaffe bombers who sank Mashona but missed Tartar with whom the battleships had rejoined.Force H
In September 1941 Rodney was stationed with Force H in Gibraltar, escorting convoys to Malta. In November, she returned home, and was stationed in Iceland for a month. Then she underwent refit and repair until May 1942. After the refit, she returned to Force H, where she again escorted Malta convoys and took part in Operation Torch, the invasion of Northwest Africa. She was subsequently involved with the landings in Sicily and Salerno. From October 1943, she was in the Home Fleet, and took part in the Normandy invasion in June 1944, where she was controlled from the headquarters ship HMS Largs off Sword Beach, her tasks included a 30 hour operation firing an occasional shell 22 miles inland to prevent a Panzer division from crossing a bridge.[6]
She also destroyed targets at Caen and Alderney. On June 7, 1944 a collision between the Rodney and LCT 427 resulted in the loss of 13 Royal navy seamen.[7] In September 1944, she performed escort duties with a Murmansk convoy.
During the entire war Rodney steamed over 156,000 nautical miles (289,000 km) with no engine overhaul after 1942. Because of her frequent machinery problems and the fact that she had not been upgraded to the extent that her sister Nelson had, starting in December 1944, she became the flagship of Home Fleet in Scapa Flow and rarely left her mooring. She was finally scrapped starting 26 March 1948 at Inverkeithing.[8]
Notes
- ^ "Reports of Proceedings 1921-1964", G.G.O. Gatacre
- ^ "HMS Rodney", Iain Ballantyne, Pen & Sword Books, ISBN 978 1 84415 406 7
- ^ "Reports of Proceedings 1921-1964", G.G.O. Gatacre, Nautical Press & Publications,ISBN 0 949756 02 4
- ^ "N.H. Connection to the Sinking of the Bismarck". May 2007. Wright Museum. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
- ^ "Reports of Proceedings 1921-1964", G.G.O. Gatacre
- ^ "obituaries:Commander Dan Duff". Daily Telegraph. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
- ^ BBC online
- ^ Siegfried Breyer: "Schlachtschiffe und Schlachtkreuzer 1905-1970", Karl Müller 1993, p. 196
References
- Ballantyne, Iain (2008). H.M.S. Rodney. Ships of the Royal Navy. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-84415-406-7.
- Brown, David K. (2003). The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922 (reprint of the 1999 ed.). London: Caxton Editions. ISBN 1-84067-531-4.
- Brown, David K. (2006). Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923-1945. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-59114-602-X.
- Burt, R. A. (1993). British Battleships, 1919-1939. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-068-2.
- Parkes, Oscar (1990). British Battleships (reprint of the 1957 ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-075-4.
- Raven, Alan; Roberts, John (1976). British Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleship and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-817-4.
- Gatacre, Galfrey George Ormond (1982). Reports of Proceedings 1921-1964. Manly, NSW, Aust.: Nautical Press & Publications. ISBN 0-949756-02-4.
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